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Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Biology
The correct option matches the required rule and the given information.
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Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Biology
Patient 2 produces ADH but the kidney cannot respond because the V2 receptor is defective. Failure to concentrate urine despite desmopressin indicates nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; central diabetes insipidus would usually improve with the agonist. For an MCAT biology problem, first identify the biological level being tested: molecule, cell, tissue, organ system, population, or experiment. Translate the stem into a cause-and-effect chain and use only the stated data plus a well-established biological principle. In physiology, follow the variable being regulated and decide whether the response is negative feedback. In genetics, separate parental from recombinant outcomes and show every probability step. In experiments, distinguish the manipulated variable, measured outcome, and appropriate comparison. Check units whenever a calculation is required. Then test every option against the mechanism; distractors often reverse direction, confuse correlation with causation, or name a true process occurring in the wrong cell, membrane, compartment, or stage. A final reasonableness check should confirm the
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PASSAGE 3 — WATER BALANCE AND ADH Two patients undergo supervised water deprivation. Patient 1 produces concentrated urine after receiving desmopressin, an ADH-receptor agonist. Patient 2 continues producing large volumes of dilute urine after desmopressin. Patient 2 has normal plasma ADH but a loss-of-function mutation in the V2 receptor expressed on collecting-duct principal cells. In healthy kidneys, V2 signaling increases insertion of aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane. QUESTION 8: Which diagnosis best fits Patient 2?
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Biology
The correct option matches the required rule and the given information.
Short Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Biology
Patient 2 produces ADH but the kidney cannot respond because the V2 receptor is defective. Failure to concentrate urine despite desmopressin indicates nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; central diabetes insipidus would usually improve with the agonist. For an MCAT biology problem, first identify the biological level being tested: molecule, cell, tissue, organ system, population, or experiment. Translate the stem into a cause-and-effect chain and use only the stated data plus a well-established biological principle. In physiology, follow the variable being regulated and decide whether the response is negative feedback. In genetics, separate parental from recombinant outcomes and show every probability step. In experiments, distinguish the manipulated variable, measured outcome, and appropriate comparison. Check units whenever a calculation is required. Then test every option against the mechanism; distractors often reverse direction, confuse correlation with causation, or name a true process occurring in the wrong cell, membrane, compartment, or stage. A final reasonableness check should confirm the
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