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Shortcut used: Name the tested psychological concept, connect it to passage evidence, separate correlation from causation, and reject options that overstate or reverse the principle.
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- Mark the given values and the exact target.
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- Check the final value against the options.
Common mistake: Do not choose an option before confirming the exact demand of the question.
Question 4
Multiple Choice Question
Question
PASSAGE 2 — SLEEP AND MEMORY
Students learned forty word pairs and were randomly assigned either to sleep for eight hours or to remain awake for an equivalent interval. The sleep group recalled more pairs the next morning. Electroencephalographic recordings showed that, within the sleep group, greater slow-wave activity predicted better recall. A separate recognition test included studied words and similar but unstudied lure words. Sleep improved correct recognition without increasing false alarms to the lures.
QUESTION 4: Because students were randomly assigned, which causal conclusion is best supported?
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
ANSWER
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Psychology
The correct answer is D: Sleeping during the interval improved later recall under these conditions. Random assignment reduces systematic preexisting differences between groups. The recall difference therefore supports an effect of the sleep condition, while the stronger universal claims are not established by this experiment.
Why this answer is correct
The correct option matches the required rule and the given information.
Short Explanation
The correct answer is D: Sleeping during the interval improved later recall under these conditions. Random assignment reduces systematic preexisting differences between groups. The recall difference therefore supports an effect of the sleep condition, while the stronger universal claims are not established by this experiment.
Detailed Explanation
Question
PASSAGE 2 — SLEEP AND MEMORY
Students learned forty word pairs and were randomly assigned either to sleep for eight hours or to remain awake for an equivalent interval. The sleep group recalled more pairs the next morning. Electroencephalographic recordings showed that, within the sleep group, greater slow-wave activity predicted better recall. A separate recognition test included studied words and similar but unstudied lure words. Sleep improved correct recognition without increasing false alarms to the lures.
QUESTION 4: Because students were randomly assigned, which causal conclusion is best supported?
ANSWER
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Psychology
Random assignment reduces systematic preexisting differences between groups. The recall difference therefore supports an effect of the sleep condition, while the stronger universal claims are not established by this experiment. First identify whether the
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Question 4
Learn + Solve: Shortcut, Trap & Fast Route Click to view shortcut, steps, and common mistake
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Shortcut used, common trap, and the fastest solving route
Shortcut used: Name the tested psychological concept, connect it to passage evidence, separate correlation from causation, and reject options that overstate or reverse the principle.
Solve in 3 steps:
- Mark the given values and the exact target.
- Apply the relevant formula, rule, or concept.
- Check the final value against the options.
Common mistake: Do not choose an option before confirming the exact demand of the question.
Question
PASSAGE 2 — SLEEP AND MEMORY Students learned forty word pairs and were randomly assigned either to sleep for eight hours or to remain awake for an equivalent interval. The sleep group recalled more pairs the next morning. Electroencephalographic recordings showed that, within the sleep group, greater slow-wave activity predicted better recall. A separate recognition test included studied words and similar but unstudied lure words. Sleep improved correct recognition without increasing false alarms to the lures. QUESTION 4: Because students were randomly assigned, which causal conclusion is best supported?
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
ANSWER
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Psychology
The correct answer is D: Sleeping during the interval improved later recall under these conditions. Random assignment reduces systematic preexisting differences between groups. The recall difference therefore supports an effect of the sleep condition, while the stronger universal claims are not established by this experiment.
Why this answer is correct
The correct option matches the required rule and the given information.
Short Explanation
The correct answer is D: Sleeping during the interval improved later recall under these conditions. Random assignment reduces systematic preexisting differences between groups. The recall difference therefore supports an effect of the sleep condition, while the stronger universal claims are not established by this experiment.
Detailed Explanation
Question
PASSAGE 2 — SLEEP AND MEMORY
Students learned forty word pairs and were randomly assigned either to sleep for eight hours or to remain awake for an equivalent interval. The sleep group recalled more pairs the next morning. Electroencephalographic recordings showed that, within the sleep group, greater slow-wave activity predicted better recall. A separate recognition test included studied words and similar but unstudied lure words. Sleep improved correct recognition without increasing false alarms to the lures.
QUESTION 4: Because students were randomly assigned, which causal conclusion is best supported?
ANSWER
Correct Answer: D
Method / Topic: Psychology
Random assignment reduces systematic preexisting differences between groups. The recall difference therefore supports an effect of the sleep condition, while the stronger universal claims are not established by this experiment. First identify whether the
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